看看梅奥是怎样介绍睡眠监测的

之前翻译了梅奥关于呼吸机的视频作为宣教

传送门：【梅奥视频】呼吸机是如何治疗睡眠呼吸暂停的

有人不解的问到：梅奥诊所？一个诊所的信息有什么可看的。其实不然，人家虽然叫诊所，可却是全美规模最大、设备最先进的综合性医疗体系了。

就像冰岛队的门将，虽然是个导演，可是扑出了梅西的点球~

翻译讲究“信”“达”“雅”，但是小编的翻译水平不高，努力做到“信”，如果需要更好的了解梅奥的资料，我将英文原文附在文末，有兴趣的朋友可以参看原文，并对小编翻译过程中的错误给予指正，红字传送门为小编补充，配合使用，效果更佳！

在无聊的长篇文字前，先看看人家的睡眠中心情况吧，闻到了土豪的气息。

概述：

多导睡眠监测又叫睡眠研究，是诊断睡眠疾病的一种检测方式。多导睡眠监测记录你的脑电波，血氧饱和度水平，心率和呼吸，并且记录睡眠期间的眼动及腿动。该检查通常在医院或睡眠中心的睡眠疾病科室进行。你需要在晚上来到睡眠中心记录整夜睡眠模式。对于已经适应在日间睡觉的倒班工作者，睡眠监测也可以在白天进行。如果你已经被确诊患有睡眠疾病，多导睡眠监测也被用于调整治疗方式上。

传送门：如此繁琐复杂的睡眠监测，之前长啥样？

为什么要做睡眠监测：

多导睡眠监测记录你的睡眠结构及周期，用已明确睡眠结构是否紊乱，并找出发生时间及原因。正常的睡眠模式是以非快速眼动睡眠开始的，在此阶段脑电图记录的脑电波频率会明显降低。在非快速眼动睡眠阶段，你的眼球是不会快速移动的，这与以后的快速眼动睡眠形成了鲜明对比。在经过一到两个非快速眼动睡眠后，你的脑电频率再次升高，快速眼动睡眠期开始了。做梦大多发生在此时期。正常情况下，整夜会有四到六个睡眠周期，每个周期大约90分钟。随着睡眠的进行，快速眼动睡眠的时间会逐渐加长。如果患有睡眠相关疾病，会打乱此正常模式。多导睡眠监测会记录你的睡眠结构及周期，并记录发生睡眠紊乱的时间。

传送门：【看文献】多导睡眠监测的应用范围

当你的医生怀疑你有如下疾病时，会建议你做睡眠监测：

睡眠呼吸暂停及其他睡眠呼吸障碍类疾病：患有该疾病的患者在睡眠期间会反复发生憋气—恢复模式。

周期性腿动：患有此疾病的患者会在睡眠期间不自觉的延展放松腿部肌肉，此种情况有时与不宁腿综合征共存。

发作性睡病：白天过度嗜睡，并有可能突然睡着导致猝倒。

快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍：会在睡眠期间把梦境演绎出来，有可能导致自己或家人受伤。

睡眠期间的行为异常：睡行症（梦游）、周期性运动障碍

无法解释的慢性失眠：如果长期被失眠困恼（入睡困难、睡眠维持困难），建议做睡眠监测，确认是否并存其他睡眠疾病。

风险：

多导睡眠监测是无创、无疼痛的测试。并发症很罕见，最常见的副作用是由于固定传感器时应用胶带导致的皮肤刺激。一般不建议在睡眠监测前的下午睡觉（睡多了，晚上睡不着了就悲剧了）

传送门：【解惑】戴这么多线会不会把我电着

【解惑】给我抹的那个黏黏糊糊的是凡士林吗？

需要做哪些准备：

你的医生会建议你在进行多导睡眠监测前的下午及晚上不要喝酒，不要摄入含有咖啡因（咖啡、茶、可乐等）的饮料。酒精及咖啡因会改变睡眠结构，并会加重某些睡眠疾病。

传送门：做多导睡眠监测前需要做哪些准备

需要做哪些准备：

你在晚上到达睡眠中心并做整夜的睡眠监测，你可以自带自己习惯的睡眠用具（枕头等），并可以穿自己的睡衣。做多导睡眠监测的房间格局类似于旅馆，监测期间安静、避光。自己独立单间，房间有独立浴室。

房间内有视频摄像头，睡眠技师可以监控你睡眠期间发生的情况，何时关灯。并有一套音频系统，他们可以用此系统与你对话，并在你房间外的中控室听到你的声音。当你准备入睡，一名技师会使用无刺激的粘着剂（胶带等）在你的头皮、胸部、腿等地方放置传感器。传感器使用线缆与电脑连接，但是线缆的长度完全满足你在床上移动。一个小夹子会放置你的手指或耳垂来测试血氧饱和度。

当你入睡后，技师会监控你的：脑电波、眼动、心率、呼吸、血氧饱和度、体位、肢体运动、鼾声等其他噪声。所有以上的记录参数都会记录在一个连续图表中。睡眠监测技师会整夜监控你。如果你需要帮助，你可以通过监控设备与他们交流。如果你需要半夜起来，他们会帮助你拆掉传感器及导线。

传送门：【琢磨】睡眠监测用到了几种传感器

在监测期间，技师也许会为患有呼吸暂停的你尝试佩戴正压通气设备。该设备将空气柔和加压后通过鼻腔，从而增强你的呼吸。

传送门：压力滴定前需要做哪些准备

在睡眠监测开始前，你将有机会尝试气道正压设备，避免夜间尝试造成的震惊。如果必要的话，在监测期间也可以使用氧气，增强呼吸功能。

虽然在睡眠中心睡得不会像自己家中那样好，但是这通常并不会影响测试的最终结果。在一整夜的睡眠并不需要获得特别精确的多导睡眠监测结果。

在做完多导睡眠监测之后：

清晨，拆除所有的传感器后，你将离开睡眠中心，并将获得一个推荐医生的预约及随访文件。做完睡眠监测后你将回归你的正常生活。

结果：

多导睡眠监测期间的记录数据，提供了大量睡眠结构的信息：

睡眠期间的脑电波及眼动可帮助你的医疗团队评估你的睡眠结构，区分每个周期可能因疾病发生的紊乱，例如发作性睡病、快速眼动行为障碍。

不正常的心率、呼吸、血氧饱和度指标，可能表明你患有睡眠呼吸暂停。

按照正确的呼吸机治疗压力及氧气浓度可指导日后的家庭应用。

因频繁的腿动干扰正常睡眠表明可能患有周期性肢体运动障碍。

睡眠期间的行为异常可能表明你患有快速眼动行为异常或其他疾病。

多导睡眠技师应用监测期间获得的原始数据进行评估，讲你的睡眠结构及周期形象化。这些形象化的信息将有睡眠中心的医生进行回顾。

获取多导睡眠监测的报告将在两周以后。基于该报告，你的医生将为你讨论治疗方式及日后所需的健康评估。

英文原文：

Overview

Polysomnography, also called a sleep study, is a testused to diagnose sleep disorders. Polysomnography records your brain waves, theoxygen level in your blood, heart rate and breathing, as well as eye and legmovements during the study.

Polysomnography usually is done at a sleep disorders unitwithin a hospital or at a sleep center. You'll be asked to come to the sleepcenter in the evening for polysomnography so that the test can record yournighttime sleep patterns. Polysomnography is occasionally done during the dayto accommodate shift workers who habitually sleep during the day.

In addition to helping diagnose sleep disorders,polysomnography may be used to help adjust your treatment plan if you'vealready been diagnosed with a sleep disorder.

Why it's done

Polysomnography monitors your sleep stages and cycles toidentify if or when your sleep patterns are disrupted and why.

The normal process of falling asleep begins with a sleepstage called non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. During this stage, your brainwaves, as recorded by electroencephalography (EEG), slow down considerably.

Your eyes don't move back and forth rapidly during NREM,in contrast to later stages of sleep. After an hour or two of NREM sleep, yourbrain activity picks up again, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep begins. Mostdreaming occurs during REM sleep.

You normally go through four to six sleep cycles a night,cycling between NREM and REM sleep in about 90 minutes. Your REM stage usuallylengthens with each cycle as the night progresses. Sleep disorders can disturbthis sleep process.

Polysomnography monitors your sleep stages and cycles toidentify if or when your sleep patterns are disrupted.

Your doctor may recommend polysomnography if he or shesuspects you have:

·      Sleep apnea or another sleep-related breathing disorder. In thiscondition, your breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.

·      Periodic limb movement disorder. In this sleepdisorder, you involuntarily flex and extend your legs while sleeping. Thiscondition is sometimes associated with restless legs syndrome.

·      Narcolepsy. You experience overwhelming daytimedrowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep in this condition.

·      REM sleep behavior disorder.  This sleepdisorder involves acting out dreams as you sleep.

·      Unusual behaviors during sleep. Your doctor mayperform this test if you do unusual activities during sleep, such as walking,moving around a lot or rhythmic movements.

·      Unexplained chronic insomnia. If youconsistently have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, your doctor mayrecommend polysomnography.

Risks

Polysomnography is a noninvasive, painless test.Complications are rare. The most common side effect is skin irritation causedby the adhesive used to attach test sensors to your skin. Napping the afternoonbefore the sleep study is usually discouraged.

How you prepare

Your doctor may ask you not to drink alcohol or eat ordrink anything with caffeine during the afternoon and evening beforepolysomnography. Alcohol and caffeine can change your sleep patterns, and theymay make symptoms of some sleep disorders worse.

What you can expect

During polysomnography

You arrive at the sleep center in the evening forpolysomnography and stay overnight. You may bring items you use for yourbedtime routine, and you can sleep in your own nightclothes.

The room where polysomnography is done is similar to ahotel room, and it's dark and quiet during the test. You don't share the roomwith anyone else. The room has its own bathroom.

The room has a video camera, so the polysomnographytechnologists monitoring you can see what's happening in the room when thelights are out. It also has an audio system, so they can talk to you and hearyou from their monitoring area outside the room.

After you get ready for bed, one of the technologistsplaces sensors on your scalp, temples, chest and legs using a mild adhesive,such as glue or tape. The sensors are connected by wires to a computer, but thewires are long enough to let you move normally in bed. A small clip also isplaced on your finger or ear to monitor the level of oxygen in your blood.

While you sleep, a technologist monitors your:

·      Brain waves

·      Eye movements

·      Heart rate

·      Breathing pattern

·      Blood oxygen level

·      Body position

·      Limb movement

·      Snoring and other noise you may make as you sleep

All of these measurements are recorded on a continuousgraph.

Polysomnography technologists monitor you throughout thenight. If you need assistance, you can talk to them through the monitoringequipment. They can come into the room to detach the wires if you need to getup during the night.

During the study, the technologist may have you try apositive airway pressure (PAP) machine for sleep apnea. This is a device thatconsists of a tight-sealing nosepiece through which a gentle stream of air isdelivered to enhance your breathing.

You will have the opportunity to try on a PAP devicebefore the sleep study begins so that you are not surprised by it if triedlater in the night. If necessary, oxygen also may be used during the study tobolster your breathing.

Although you probably won't fall asleep as easily orsleep as well at the sleep center as you do at home, this usually doesn'taffect the test results. A full night's sleep isn't required to obtain accuratepolysomnography results.

After polysomnography

In the morning, the sensors are removed, and you mayleave the sleep center. You're given an appointment for a follow-up visit withthe doctor who recommended the test. You can return to your usual activitiesafter polysomnography.

Results

The measurements recorded during polysomnography providea great deal of information about your sleep patterns. For example:

·      Brain waves and eye movements during sleep can help your healthcare team assess your sleep stages and identify disruptions in the stages thatmay occur due to sleep disorders such as narcolepsy and REM sleep behaviordisorder.

·      Heart and breathing rate changes and changes in bloodoxygen that areabnormal during sleep may suggest sleep apnea.

·      Correct settings for PAP or oxygen in caseyour doctor would like to prescribe these for home use.

·      Frequent leg movements that disrupt your sleep mayindicate periodic limb movement disorder.

·      Unusual movements or behaviors during sleep may besigns of REM sleep behavior disorder or another sleep disorder.

The information gathered during polysomnography isevaluated first by a polysomnography technologist, who uses the data to chartyour sleep stages and cycles. Then that information is reviewed by your sleepcenter doctor.

It may take up to two weeks to receive the results ofpolysomnography. At a follow-up appointment, your doctor reviews the resultswith you. Based on the data gathered, your doctor will discuss any treatment orfurther evaluation that you may need.